特発性正常圧水頭症診療ガイドライン 第3版

 
 第1部 第1章 Ⅱ 臨床診断 8 脳脊髄液排除試験
第1部 診療マネジメント編
第1章特発性正常圧水頭症(iNPH)の診断
臨床診断
8-脳脊髄液排除試験

タップテストと持続ドレナージテスト

脳脊髄液排除試験は,iNPHの診断とシャント術の適否を検討する補助的検査として,世界で広く行われている1)-31)。脳脊髄液(CSF)を排除する前後で,歩行障害,認知障害,排尿障害などの臨床症状の変化を注意深く観察して判定する。脳脊髄液排除試験は,タップテストと持続ドレナージテスト(external lumbar drainage;ELD)とに区別される。タップテストでは1回の腰椎穿刺で30~50mLのCSFが排除され1)-4)7)-9)12)14)16)-24)26)27)29)-31),ELDでは脳脊髄液体5~10mL/時間,もしくは100~250mL/日の速さで,1~5日間かけて排除される5)6)10)11)13)15)22)28)。ELDは腰部くも膜下腔にカテーテルを長期間留置することで,歩行障害や認知障害を有する高齢者に動作制限を強いることとなり,カテーテルの自己抜去,神経根痛,髄膜炎などの合併症リスクの懸念もあることから,わが国においてはあまり行われていない。脳脊髄液排除試験の施行前に,できるだけ脊髄MRI検査を行い,脊椎管狭窄病変によるCSFの通過障害がないことを確認しておく。また,脳脊髄液排除試験時にクエッケンシュテット試験(両側頸静脈の圧迫後10秒以内に腰部脳脊髄液圧10cmH2O以上の上昇があれば正常)によりCSFの通過障害を確認する方法もある。腰椎穿刺部位より高位にCSFの通過障害が存在すると,神経症状を悪化させる可能性や,脳脊髄液排除の効果があらわれずに偽陰性となる可能性があることに留意する必要がある。

[文献]
1)Agostini V, Lanotte M, Carlone M, et al: Instrumented gait analysis for an objective pre-/postassessment of tap test in normal pressure hydrocephalus. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 96: 1235-1241, 2015
2)Allali G, Laidet M, Armand S, et al: A combined cognitive and gait quantification to identify normal pressure hydrocephalus from its mimics: The Geneva's protocol. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 160: 5-11, 2017
3)Damasceno BP, Carelli EF, Honorato DC, et al: The predictive value of cerebrospinal fluid tap-test in normal pressure hydrocephalus. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 55: 179-185, 1997
4)Gallagher R, Marquez J, Osmotherly P: Clinimetric Properties and Minimal Clinically Important Differences for a Battery of Gait, Balance, and Cognitive Examinations for the Tap Test in Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus. Neurosurgery 84: E378-E384, 2019
5)Gallina P, Lastrucci G, Caini S, et al: Accuracy and safety of 1-day external lumbar drainage of CSF for shunt selection in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. J Neurosurg: 1-7, 2018
6)Haan J, Thomeer RT: Predictive value of temporary external lumbar drainage in normal pressure hydrocephalus. Neurosurgery 22: 388-391, 1988
7)Ishikawa M, Oowaki H, Matsumoto A, et al: Clinical significance of cerebrospinal fluid tap test and magnetic resonance imaging/computed tomography findings of tight high convexity in patients with possible idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 50: 119-23; disucussion 123, 2010
8)Ishikawa M, Yamada S, Yamamoto K: Early and delayed assessments of quantitative gait measures to improve the tap test as a predictor of shunt effectiveness in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. Fluids Barriers CNS 13: 20, 2016
9)Kang K, Ko PW, Jin M, et al: Idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus, cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, and the cerebrospinal fluid tap test. J Clin Neurosci 21: 1398-1403, 2014
10)Lenfeldt N, Larsson A, Nyberg L, et al: Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: increased supplementary motor activity accounts for improvement after CSF drainage. Brain 131: 2904-2912, 2008
11)Mahr CV, Dengl M, Nestler U, et al: Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: diagnostic and predictive value of clinical testing, lumbar drainage, and CSF dynamics. J Neurosurg 125: 591-597, 2016
12)Malm J, Kristensen B, Karlsson T, et al: The predictive value of cerebrospinal fluid dynamic tests in patients with th idiopathic adult hydrocephalus syndrome. Arch Neurol 52: 783-789, 1995
13)Marmarou A, Young HF, Aygok GA, et al: Diagnosis and management of idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus: a prospective study in 151 patients. J Neurosurg 102: 987-997, 2005
14)Matsuoka T, Akakabe M, Iida JI, et al: Changes in Cognitive Function Scores After Cerebrospinal Fluid Tap Testing in Patients with Suspected Idiopathic Normal-Pressure Hydrocephalus. Cogn Behav Neurol 31: 201-206, 2018
15)McGirt MJ, Woodworth G, Coon AL, et al: Diagnosis, treatment, and analysis of long-term outcomes in idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus. Neurosurgery 57: 699-705; discussion 699-705, 2005
16)Mendes GAS, de Oliveira MF, Pinto FCG: The Timed Up and Go Test as a Diagnostic Criterion in Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus. World Neurosurg. World Neurosurg 105: 456-461, 2017
17)Mihalj M: CSF tap test - Obsolete or appropriate test for predicting shunt responsiveness? A systemic review. J Neurol Sci 370: 157, 2016
18)Raneri F, Zella MAS, Di Cristofori A, et al: Supplementary Tests in Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus: A Single-Center Experience with a Combined Lumbar Infusion Test and Tap Test. World Neurosurg 100: 567-574, 2017
19)Ravdin LD, Katzen HL, Jackson AE, et al: Features of gait most responsive to tap test in normal pressure hydrocephalus. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 110: 455-461, 2008
20)Sand T, Bovim G, Grimse R, et al: Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: the CSF tap-test may predict the clinical response to shunting. Acta Neurol Scand 89: 311 -316, 1994
21)Schniepp R, Trabold R, Romagna A, et al: Walking assessment after lumbar puncture in normal-pressure hydrocephalus: a delayed improvement over 3 days. J Neurosurg 126: 148-157, 2017
22)Scully AE, Lim ECW, Teow PP, et al: A systematic review of the diagnostic utility of simple tests of change after trial removal of cerebrospinal fluid in adults with normal pressure hydrocephalus. Clin Rehabil 32: 942-953, 2018
23)Thakur SK, Serulle Y, Miskin NP, et al: Lumbar Puncture Test in Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus: Does the Volume of CSF Removed Affect the Response to Tap? AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 38: 1456-1460, 2017
24)Virhammar J, Cesarini KG, Laurell K: The CSF tap test in normal pressure hydrocephalus: evaluation time, reliability and the influence of pain. Eur J Neurol 19: 271-276, 2012
25)Walchenbach R, Geiger E, Thomeer RT, et al: The value of temporary external lumbar CSF drainage in predicting the outcome of shunting on normal pressure hydrocephalus. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 72: 503-506, 2002
26)Wikkelsø C, Andersson H, Blomstrand C, et al: The clinical effect of lumbar puncture in normal pressure hydrocephalus. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 45: 64 -69, 1982
27)Wikkelsø C, Hellström P, Klinge PM, et al: The European iNPH Multicentre Study on the predictive values of resistance to CSF outflow and the CSF Tap Test in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 84: 562-568, 2013
28)Williams MA, Thomas G, de Lateur B, et al: Objective assessment of gait in normal-pressure hydrocephalus. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 87: 39-45, 2008
29)Wolfsegger T, Topakian R: Cognitive impairment predicts worse short-term response to spinal tap test in normal pressure hydrocephalus. J Neurol Sci 379: 222-225, 2017
30)Yamada S, Ishikawa M, Miyajima M, et al: Disease duration: the key to accurate CSF tap test in iNPH. Acta Neurol Scand 135: 189-196, 2017
31)Yamada S, Ishikawa M, Miyajima M, et al: Timed up and go test at tap test and shunt surgery in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. Neurol Clin Pract 7: 98-108, 2017
 
ページトップへ

ガイドライン解説

close-ico
カテゴリで探す
五十音で探す

診療ガイドライン検索

close-ico
カテゴリで探す
五十音で探す